This started out as a blog post in conjunction with our review of Savages and how Oliver Stone has a thread of less than flattering portrayals of women in many of his films. I spent a weekend re-watching some of his filmography and was alarmed by what I found.
Before I got a chance to start writing though, I attended the final night of the Toronto After Dark Summer Screening Series and had the displeasure of sitting through V/H/S, a horror film that had such a weird attitude towards women that I thought it might fold very easily into what I’d already learned about Stone.
That is, casual misogyny in films. Why is it not discussed more? Why aren’t women more vocal about it? And why, when it’s pointed out, are people so defensive about something that negatively affects 50% of the population? A woman who brings it up is often dismissed as a “radical feminist” (as though that’s a bad thing) and the line of questioning invalidated for that reason. The fact is, the depiction of women in the media has taken a sharp downfall since the onset of the feminist movement in the “˜70s. Are us bra-burning feminists subconsciously (or consciously) being put back into our place by Hollywood filmmakers?
Conniving or dumb? Can’t she be both? (Juliette Lewis in “Natural Botn Killers”)
Take Stone, here’s a guy who’s revered as a quality filmmaker. Yes, he comes across as a bit of a blowhard, but the majority of his films have been critically acclaimed. Yet, when you watch them back to back, a disturbing trend starts to emerge. Every single one of his films that I watched over the last week (Savages, Natural Born Killers, Alexander, U-Turn and Talk Radio) contain a line of dialogue that says something along the lines of “women are evil” or “women can’t be trusted” or in one instance, “women: can’t live with “˜em, can’t shoot “˜em.” Strong women are compared to snakes and taken down a peg (by a man) and sexy women are either dumb or conniving and use their bodies as currency. It’s actually kind of startling how overt it is, yet until Savages got me thinking about it, I’d never really acknowledged it on more than a subconscious level. I suppose even a “radical feminist” can’t be on their game 100% of the time.
Oh look, a naked demon woman from “V/H/S”
In the case of the horror film V/H/S, here’s a product that’s being produced by a bunch of men who work within a genre that’s traditionally based on terrorizing women as its central concept, with the sexually active women being picked off and the virginal ones making it though to the end. Even despite that, the frat boy mentality of these filmmakers is particularly aggressive. The film opens with a woman being grabbed off the street by a guy and having her breasts bared as his friend films the proceedings, which only serves to set an off-putting tone for the rest of the film. From there, women are objectified throughout, but not in a way that propels the characters, plot or fright factor forward. Even when the ultimate pay off is a bunch of d-bag bros getting their comeuppance, the road to that payoff feels cheap, filled with gratuitous tit shots and female stereotypes. It’s disturbing, and not in the good, shivery kind of way a horror movie is meant to be.
So, what’s to be done about all of this? Well, I think recognizing and discussing the problem is the first step. Films like Miss Representation have done a great job of asking the tough questions and presenting evidence about why these images and messages are hurtful to the female population. After all, even if you think I’m just being one of those humourless feminist types, isn’t the ultimate emotional, mental and physical well-being of your wife, girlfriend, mother, sister or daughter worth just a few moments of thoughtful consideration about the message the media is feeding you? I think so.
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Kristal Cooper
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As a first step, I think you should examine the portrayal of men in movies. Do you think the character of Juliette Lewis’s boyfriend (Woody Harrelson’s character) in “Natural Born Killers” was a positive portrayal of men? (He was the natural born killer himself.) The character of her father (Rodney Dangerfield’s character) was a child molester if I remember correctly. As for Oliver Stone, do you think the Michael Douglas character in the Wall Street series was positive?
Here is a list of characteristics. Please guess if they are more often associated with men or women in the movies: drunk, uncaring, insensitive, only wanting sex, noisy. Now here’s another list: sensitive, thoughtful, always thinking of others, kind. Which is the male list and which is the female list?
V/H/S was a low budget, nonsense film. It is unworthy of criticism.
At the end of Missrepresentation, the author says that women need to start making their own movies. Get to work. (But don't forget to portray all men positively.)
Ben, I agree with your main point, which is that mainstream cinema simplistically represents ALL people as some kind of stereotyped version of human characters, and these representations are almost always reductive, unhelpful, and insulting to everyone. However, when we talk about more SPECIFIC representations of segments of the population, we have to take into account that the history of these representations is often more or less favourable for certain identity groups than for others. That is to say: the playing field is not even to begin with.
Fflipping an issue of representation about one segment of a population into the same treatment of another is an invalid argument, because different segments of human populations (genders, races, classes, etc.) all have had VERY different experiences of the ways in which they are represented in dominant discourse (a huge part of which is cinema). With reference to your specific examples: how many times is a drunk, insensitive, boisterous male character in a movie presented as "cool"? Sure, Douglas' character in "Wall Street" is, by traditional ethics, a "bad person", but he's also the hero of the film and turns being "bad" into being "bad-ass" (ie. cool).
Second of all, I have to disagree with your statement about V/H/S because I don't believe there is such a thing as a film unworthy of criticism. To allow something to be dismissed is to let it escape under the radar of the critic, therefore not holding it accountable to its existence.
Ben,
I agree that we need to have a conversation about the portrayal of men in media. This idea that men are drunk, bumbling idiots who are too dumb to do their own laundry (thankfully they have a wife for that!) is certainly a damaging one that should absolutely be addressed and dismantled. That said, your comment about the portrayal of men on an article about Stone’s casual and perpetual misogyny is both completely inappropriate and actually very disrespectful.
While I don’t think it’s worthwhile to get into a “who has it worse” argument, I do think it’s important to remember that while men are often shown as being drunk, uncaring, insensitive, etc. — in almost every film, they are still the ones with power, despite their less-than-flattering traits. We are shown that men can be bumbling buffoons and they still deserve to “get the girl” at the end of the movie, as well as continue to be or become the metaphorical king of the castle. The media tells us that men deserve to win by virtue of being men (and real men don’t lose).
Men in movies are shown as full and complete human beings — which sometimes involves having negative traits. Women, on the other hand, are often reduced to tropes that revolve around stereotypical femininity, shallowness, sexuality as performance, and weakness. Hell, most movies don’t even pass the Bechdel test.
I don’t think anyone is asking for women to be portrayed as perfect human beings with zero negative traits in movies; that’s ridiculous. All we want is to be shown as full and complete human beings with a variety of interests, body types, personalities, and roles. And that’s certainly not too much to ask.
First of all, it’s ludicrous to say that anything is off the table critique-wise just because it’s low-budget (also, I’m sure the 5 filmmakers involved in V/H/S would argue against your claim that it’s a “nonsense” film).
Secondly, I’m not saying women can’t ever be portrayed as less-than-perfect in film (or any other media) but it does matter how and why they act the way they do. The point I was trying to make about Oliver Stone films is that he hardly ever portrays women as sympathetic or as having sufficient motivation for their actions either than being dumb or a total bitch. Sure he has male characters who are awful human beings but they’re usually balanced by male characters who are operating from a good-hearted place or at least have an arc that redeems them in some way. Not the case with the vast majority his female characters – in fact, most often they’re punished in some way for daring to more than mute arm candy. Natural Born Killers is probably not the best film to use as a reference point because yes, all of the characters are awful in their own way, which was sort of his point. For what it’s worth though, Quentin Tarantino, who wrote the original idea for the film, has said in the past that he was displeased with the way the Mallory character had been changed and that she was not as empowered he originally envisioned the character to be.
There’s a commonly used trope called “women in refrigerator” syndrome wherein a female character exists solely to be beaten, raped or murdered which then, in turn, spurs on the male lead character who goes on to have a full story arc. Stone (and V/H/S) overuse this trope in a way that needs to be addressed.
It’s important to remember that these films don’t exist in a vacuum, they’re created by filmmakers who live within the same sexist social systems we all do and that’s reflected in the characters and the stories. It’s saddening to see how flippantly and trivially women and violence against women are treated in film especially when violence against women in the real world is at epidemic levels and parity with men has not yet been reached. Talking about these issues isn’t an attack on the male gender, it’s just a way for us as a society to identify, understand and resist the variety of ways that women and our fictional representations are disempowered and victimized.
Unfortunately, or maybe fortunately, I've only watched one of the Stone films you mentioned, Natural Born Killers, and I really love that movie. A quick search shows that Oliver Stone is just one of the writers for most of those films, so couldn't it be possible that it's not just Stone's fault?
Regarding V/H/S, I felt the women in the film came out on top. Mostly. I think the inclusion of violence against women is to create an even more despicable villain. If a man is being assaulted, it can be frightening, but when it's a woman, it's disgusting. Watching the men at the beginning of V/H/S smash windows makes them annoying. Watching them pull a woman's top off to film her breasts makes them sickening. We've instantly been shown how evil they are.
Ben, I would half agree with. The portrayal of men and women in media is something I find typically obnoxious. If either gender is good looking, they're usually stupid as well. It probably happens more to a female character, but it still happens to men. Ben's list of characteristics is right, but it misses so many other types.
How about weak, confused, unable to make their own decision, lonely. Now what about powerful, good looking, intelligent, and funny. It can go both ways for both genders.
I think the horror genre is a terrible place to judge portrayals of men or women. Men fall into the usual categories that Ben offers, while women are consistently portrayed as victims, although they usually overcome the odds and save the day. I go back to my earlier comment that violence against women is used to really ignite our fears and disgust. Violence against men doesn't have that same impact. Does that make it right? Maybe not, but it makes it effective, which translates to dollars and discussion.
I have a son and daughter. The most important thing I can teach them is to ignore everything around them. My daughter shouldn't strive to look like a model, and my son shouldn't strive to look like anybody in Magic Mike. They can do whatever they want, they can be whoever they want to be, nothing should stop them. The media should not be considered a portrayal of what we are. It's a portrayal of what somebody thinks we all want.
As parents, we need to be teaching our children things like this, but I can tell that's not really happening. Attending my daughter's graduation from grade 5, I saw some extremely inappropriate outfits on some of the girls. A 10 year old does not need heels, and heels that my girlfriend would have trouble walking in at that. The media will continue to give us unrealistic images of men and women, we need to teach our kids that it's unrealistic. That 10 year old in heels is well on her way to accepting the images she'll be shown every day. That's the parents fault, not the media.
Ben, no need to be so defensive. By cherry-picking contrary examples, you miss the larger valid point that mainstream films are overwhelmingly told from a male point-of-view and that women's roles are mostly defined by their relationship to the male protagonist. As a male viewer, I too am sick of this. I guess that makes me a radical feminist too.
It would be great if the solution was so easy as "make your own movies" but that process is also stacked against women. Most studios are run by men and they're only interested in men's stories. When someone like Kathryn Bigelow gets work and even awards, it's still for men's stories.
A final point, Kristal's article doesn't insist that female roles be positive, just interesting. An anti-hero or villainous role like Gekko in Wall Street is far more interesting that a damsel in distress – that's why Douglas won an Oscar for it. But women don't even get that much, let alone a positive role.
The late Nora Ephron said ""I try to write parts for women that are as complicated and interesting as women actually are." It would be great if everyone in Hollywood could do the same.
Here's the reality: As long as we remain slaves to regressive and divisive ideologies, we will not make any progress in equality. Instead of regurgitating someone's else antiquated ideas, without really substantiating any of them, why don't we actually look at these issues without the hinderance of biased personal agendas. It might be remarkable the progress we could make.
I'm glad Ben made his comment. I could write a longer post, evidencing a very long history of the horrible misandric bent in cinema and television, (and society in general) or point you to one of the numerous academic studies and books written on the subject, and the dire consequences of its influence, but what's the point. I'm have no desire to play this childish game, where one gender tries to one up the other in terms of their gender's misrepresentation and oppression. It's time to move on, and think about this issues in a more mature, and less prejudice fashion.
Thanks for all of your responses.
I wasn't arguing that there should be a contest to see if it is men or women who are portrayed more negatively in movies. My point was that radical feminists should consider the plight of men in their analysis rather than focusing solely on the plight of women in every scenario. In this case, men and women are both often portrayed negatively in movies. In V/H/S, for example, I really don't think the sexual assaultor is doing better than the sexual assaultee.
As for the future, I think the free market has established that the most profitable story line for a movie is man=drunken buffoon and woman=big titted slut. No one can fight the free market.
If you want to pick on Oliver Stone, then it is true that I can't think of any movies he made where a female is the main character. (Did he write Baywatch? There were a lot of female leads there.)
I shouldn't have called V/H/S a low budget nonsense film. I don't have respect for horror films and so I should have left it out of my post.
Basically what you are saying is we should edit a viewpoint that exists in the real world from films simply because a group disagrees or finds it offensive. Isnt that supposed to be the point? To rile us up, make us think, to hate or love a character? I watch movies to learn things about environments that are unfamiliar and for varying points of view, not to have everything be fluffy and nice and polite like a meg ryan movie.
Mallory Knox was a bad ass, she could throw a punch and take one. Lopez in U Turn, too, was a bad ass. Also, in the majority of his films, the ones perpetrating the stereotypical views either 1. die or 2. get their butts kicked by a woman (That Tom Sizemore scene is fabulous). I havent seen Savages… I dont think Stones a misogynist at all, i just think he produces films in situations where that line of thought occurs often (the south, war, corporate america), which is better than pretending it doesnt. he even credits his wife and daughter with his salvation. Some one brought up Wall Street – is it Stones fault most CEOs are white men? Is he being a sexist racist pig casting Douglas or a realist there?
If you read to far into anything, you can make it say what you want it to, i guess. Im not denying theres an imbalance in equality, I just think singling out one director isn't fair. Single out the HR departments that do the hiring at corporations, single out the women who love reality TV or refuse to learn how to change a tire or wear short skirts to clubs to attract men that perpetuate the weak and dumb stereotype, single out the women actors who take the roles you cant stand, but film is (or used to be) a reflection of society, not the cause of it.
Actually, no. What Kristal is saying is that if we start creating better roles for women, or consistently portraying them in a better light in films across the board, real life may, in fact, change its viewpoint. It\’s that whole cyclical life-art thing.
Although, I’m quite sad that anyone finds good female characters in Oliver Stone movies, since I pretty much just find them offensive. Stupid, useless and forgettable, but offensive.
The women in Stone's latest offering aren't terribly different from those in the previous Stone films I've seen. They're either ciphers or self-interested evil with little range in between. The Salma Hayek is a combination of both since her drug lord future was carved out for her by her murdered husband. "O" doesn't want to be known by her given name (which she links with the the original Hamlet character) Ophelia b/c she sees her as unformed and self destructive. It's hard to see a difference between the two Ophelias. Every time I heard "O" I couldn't help think of The Story of O, the story of a sexually submissive French woman called O, which was all the rage in O-liver Stone's youth and was the go-to novel for adolescents looking for smut; essentially it was the Lady Chatterley's Lover of his time.
Why bother pointing out such a seemingly trivial and abstruse detail? Because as the author points out, ". . . these films don't exist in a vacuum". Indeed all cultural production is informed by – sorry – our culture and the artist's cultural history. Whether he wittingly or not named a submissive, unformed character after TWO literary female victims isn't a central point to the argument but telling. The fact is these are examples of the archetypes that DO inform his creation and portrayals of women. It's just more blatant this time around (from a film maker who's never been known as subtle or nuanced) since he's bothered to name them.
When and how do we ever start to change the cultural representation of 51% of the world's population when we can't even talk about it w/o being labelled cranks? . . . or having the topic redirected towards "diversity" or "race" or "economics" (refs made in the comments to the other column at this site re Savages), as if these were all mutually exclusive?
I am a woman, I just came back from seeing Savages and I totally, totally disagree with you Kristal. Maybe it would help not to look at a character in a movie as somebody that has to represent somebody according to idealized standards. Characters in films like Savages are not meant to give lessons on how somebody is to be treated in real life.
I saw the opposite. I saw the women in Savages, in the context of the reality of the film, to be incredibly strong and powerful women. Ophelia is very important to the two men. They love her enough to risk their own lives for her. It is her narration that defines the viewer's perspective. She has the most interesting arc. And she is very sympathetic if you judge a character not as a need to be some super-human representation of eternal womanhood, but just as the flawed human being she is supposed to be in the film.
She is a naive, L.A. princess, who has mother issues and gets herself involved in a very nasty world. Everyone is treated nasty in that world. There is no respect for anyone, and women in the movie are treated with the respect women in that world would be treated. You want a movie to portray women with respect, watch The Queen with Helen Mirren again. In that world women are treated with great respect, but it is not the same world as Savages.
Elena is also a very strong woman, who was put into a certain situation in life, and made certain choices for which she now has to take responsibility. She didn't call herself a victim, blame her husband and his business dealers and spend the rest of her life crying and cringing. She made a different choice, as every woman has a right to.
She chose to be cruel when she needed to be, and caring when she needed to be. She gets the job done. The women and men in this movie are complete equals. All are morally weak, all exploit someone, all are exploited and all pay the price for it–except those who get away with it, but we all know their day is going to come and I wouldn't call them winners.
Women do not stand outside of context to men in society. We all rub off on each other. Maybe this insistence of professed feminists on making women some sort of pure, untainted, unaffected, sacred, honored creatures, no matter what, is what turns so many women off from calling themselves feminists. You want to purify women. There are no pure human beings anywhere and most women just want to be themselves, warts and all.
Hi Augleigh – I certainly appreciate your contribution to the discussion but I think you're missing the point of the article. At no point did I ever say that women need to be portrayed as perfect paragons of society. Of course flawed characters are more interesting to watch and a movie with zero conflict would be boring.
The article is discussing the fact that after watching a number of Oliver Stone films in a row, a disturbing trend of casual misogyny became apparent. Do you think it's just a coincidence that every single one of his films contain a line of dialogue that basically calls women worthless or evil? I don't and that's why I initiated a discussion.
Stone creates women who have the illusion of being strong (when actually, Stone's idea of strength is women who yell a lot while scheming to bring men down and exact revenge on their enemies), yet they're usually punished for that strength, as Salma Hayek's character was in Savages. Also, the men and women of Savages may all be equals in their moral ambiguity, but it’s only the two female characters who are made to answer for it. The male characters all get away scot free.
As for Blake Lively's character, she actually has no arc. She's exactly the same person at the end of the film as she was at the beginning – except she's been raped for a reason that had absolutely no bearing on the plot of the film. This is another trope that Stone regularly uses (and that has been recurring in media for a very long time) – the sexually free woman who's punished for being sexually free.
Whether people want to admit it or not, it's a pretty well proven fact that media is a reflection of the society in which its produced and over the last few years the regression of women's worth has been pretty alarming. Anyone who doesn't recognize that simply isn't looking critically enough at society or the media they consume.